• train direction (Incl. atypical movement
  • Train frequency (Incl. seasonal variations)
  • Schedule changes
  • Trains from multiple directions crossing Lx simultaneously
  • Train speed approach Lx (Overspeed and/or variation of speed)
Train driver distraction
Train driver personal factors
  • Train management by train driver
  • Route knowledge
  • Vigilance
  • Situation awareness
  • Skills & experience
  • Lx design
  • Design standard
  • Sighting distance
  • Road design
  • Grade separation
  • Train operation procedure
  • Train speed
  • Train schedule
  • Safety interface Agreements
  • Rail systems
  • Signals on approach to Lx
  • Signal enforcement (eg. TPWS, train stops, ATP)
  • Predictor board
  • Deliberate action by road user to beat train to LX
  • Road rules
  • General compliance
  • Enforcement
  • Speed limit on approach to Lx
  • Public awareness campaign / education / blitz
  • Route planning and permit approval
  • Road design
  • Grade separation
  • Deterrence system
  • CCTV
  • Lx 'red light' camera
  • Public awareness campaign / education / blitz
  • Road user fails to observe train at or approaching Lx
Road user distraction
Road user personal factors
- Fatigue
- Driving under influence
Driver behaviour
Wrong side failure of Lx active controls
  • Road vehicle design
  • Vision / window position (A & B Pillar)
  • Road user experience
  • Road driver vigilance
  • Road design
  • Grade separation
  • Active Lx warning devices
  • Full booms
  • Half Booms
  • Bells
  • Lights ( No back board)
  • Lights (with back boards)
  • Rail operated gates
  • Overhead mast (with lights)
  • Longest approach warning times
  • Advance active warnings
  • Second train warning system
  • Coordination of active controls with road system
Road user distraction
Road user personal factors
- Fatigue
- Driving under influence
Driver behaviour
Wrong side failure of Lx active controls
  • Road user experience
  • Road driver vigilance
  • Active Lx Warning devices
  • Full booms
  • Half booms
  • Bells
  • Lights (No back board)
  • Lights (with back boards)
  • Rail operated gates
  • Overhead mast (with lights)
  • Longest approach warning times
  • Advance active warnings
  • Second train warning system
  • Coordination of active controls with Road system
Rail infrastructure maintenance
  • Passive Lx warning devices
  • Advance warning signs
  • Giveway sign
  • Pavement markings (cross hatching)
  • Stop signs
  • Advance warning signs (Distance from LX)
  • Road design
  • Road condition (sealed road)
  • Angle of approach to Lx
  • Road Gradient approaching LX
  • Sighting of LX
  • Grade separation
  • Lighting at LX
  • Traffic lights
  • Road markings (eg Cross hatching)
  • Rumble strips
Road vehicle accelerate after stopping at LX while train is approaching at speed
Train and road vehicle do not have safe separation at level crossing
  • Road traffic Management past incident response systems
  • Emergency management plan
  • Traffic management plan (Incl. detour routes)
  • Emergency services response
  • Police
  • Ambulance
  • Fire & rescue
  • Road vehicle design
  • Crashworthiness
  • Safety features (eg. seat belt)
  • Passenger volume
Delay to road traffic
Other road vehicle approaching incident site
  • RTO post incident response systems
  • Detonators placed on tracks
  • Signallers place block on area
  • All trains in the area warned in radio
  • Flags placed on tracks
  • Automated track circuit protection
  • Rail operator emergency response
  • First aid
  • Critical emergency response team
  • Emergency management plan
  • Stranded rail user support plan
  • Emergency services response
  • Police
  • Ambulance
  • Fire & Rescue
  • Train design
  • Crashworthiness
  • Length of consist
  • Passenger volume
Other train approaching incident site
Delay to train passenger and freight services
  • RTO Post incident response systems
  • Detonators placed on tracks
  • Signallers place block on area
  • All trains in the area warned in radio
  • Flags placed on tracks
  • Automated track circuit protection
  • Rail operator emergency response
  • Emergency management plan
  • Stranded rail user support plan
  • Train design
  • Mass of train
  • Train coupler design
  • Crashworthiness
Other train approaching incident site
  • Road rules
  • Reporting by train drivers
  • Enforcement
  • Train nearly missed road vehicle crossing the Lx